For a binary tree to be a binary search tree (BST), the data of all the nodes in the left sub-tree of the root node should be less than or equals to the data of the root. The data of all the nodes in the right subtree of the root node should be greater than the data of the root. This example shows the implementation of a binary search tree pre-order traversal (depth first).
What is pre-order traversal (depth first)?
Tree traversal means we visiting all nodes in the tree, visiting means either of accessing node data or processing node data. Traversal can be specified by the order of visiting 3 nodes, ie current node, left subtree and right subtree. In pre-order traversal, first we visit the current node, then left subtree and then right subtree. In our current example we use recursive approach to implement pre-order traversal.
Here is an example picture of binary search tree (BST) for our example code:
Here is the steps to implement pre-order traversal:
- Start with root node.
- Check if the current node is empty / null.
- Display the data part of the root (or current node).
- Traverse the left subtree by recursively calling the pre-order function.
- Traverse the right subtree by recursively calling the pre-order function.
BtsNode:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | package com.java2novice.ds; public class BstNode { private BstNode left; private BstNode right; private Integer data; public BstNode(Integer data) { this.data = data; } public BstNode getLeft() { return left; } public void setLeft(BstNode left) { this.left = left; } public BstNode getRight() { return right; } public void setRight(BstNode right) { this.right = right; } public Integer getData() { return data; } } |
BinarySearchTreeImpl:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 | package com.java2novice.ds; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; public class BinarySearchTreeImpl { private BstNode root; public boolean isEmpty() { return (this.root == null); } public void insert(Integer data) { System.out.print("[input: "+data+"]"); if(root == null) { this.root = new BstNode(data); System.out.println(" -> inserted: "+data); return; } insertNode(this.root, data); System.out.print(" -> inserted: "+data); System.out.println(); } private BstNode insertNode(BstNode root, Integer data) { BstNode tmpNode = null; System.out.print(" ->"+root.getData()); if(root.getData() >= data) { System.out.print(" [L]"); if(root.getLeft() == null) { root.setLeft(new BstNode(data)); return root.getLeft(); } else { tmpNode = root.getLeft(); } } else { System.out.print(" [R]"); if(root.getRight() == null) { root.setRight(new BstNode(data)); return root.getRight(); } else { tmpNode = root.getRight(); } } return insertNode(tmpNode, data); } public void preOrderTraversal() { doPreOrder(this.root); } private void doPreOrder(BstNode root) { if(root == null) return; System.out.print(root.getData()+" "); doPreOrder(root.getLeft()); doPreOrder(root.getRight()); } public static void main(String a[]) { BinarySearchTreeImpl bst = new BinarySearchTreeImpl(); bst.insert(8); bst.insert(10); bst.insert(14); bst.insert(3); bst.insert(6); bst.insert(7); bst.insert(1); bst.insert(4); bst.insert(13); System.out.println("\n-------------------"); System.out.println("Pre Order Traversal"); bst.preOrderTraversal(); } } |
Output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | [input: 8] -> inserted: 8 [input: 10] ->8 [R] -> inserted: 10 [input: 14] ->8 [R] ->10 [R] -> inserted: 14 [input: 3] ->8 [L] -> inserted: 3 [input: 6] ->8 [L] ->3 [R] -> inserted: 6 [input: 7] ->8 [L] ->3 [R] ->6 [R] -> inserted: 7 [input: 1] ->8 [L] ->3 [L] -> inserted: 1 [input: 4] ->8 [L] ->3 [R] ->6 [L] -> inserted: 4 [input: 13] ->8 [R] ->10 [R] ->14 [L] -> inserted: 13 ------------------- Pre Order Traversal 8 3 1 6 4 7 10 14 13 |
